This section presents information about some of the possible medical professionals that might be involved with superior vena cava syndrome. The use of endoprostheses in superior vena cava syndrome due to. Superior vena cava syndrome mediastinal syndrome other names. Sindrome da veia cava superior na infancia associada a neoplasia. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs refers to the clinical syndrome with symptoms that results from this obstruction. Vena cava syndrome intracardiac mass right atrium echocardiography pancreatic cancer a b s t r a c t we report acase of76 yearold man who presented with superior vena cava syndrome 2448hours duration. By definition it is the extrinsic or intrinsic obstruction of the superior vena cava.
This svc anomaly is poorly known, and we assume that its incidence in the general population may be higher than detected. Superior vena cava syndrome in thoracic malignancies. Differentiating superior vena cava syndrome from other diseases. As such, considering the diagnosis may be more important than the actual definitive care when making therapeutic decisions. Antigamente era mais comum por doencas infecciosas. Sindrome da veia cava superior wikipedia, a enciclopedia. Veia cava superior wikipedia, a enciclopedia livre.
Blogs on superior vena cava syndrome pathophysiology. We present a patient who developed svc syndrome early after transvenous pacemaker implantation and who was subsequently diagnosed with lung carcinoma. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Embora a sindrome seja grave e seus sintomas assustadores, a mesma pode ser tratada com sucesso na maioria dos pacientes. Media in category superior vena cava syndrome the following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. The severity of the signs and symptoms presented depends on the anatomical level and. Bilateral absence of the superior vena cava svc is a very rarely detected, mainly asymptomatic congenital vascular anomaly. He presented with severe edema of the face and upper half of the body with numerous dilated and tortuous cutaneous veins. Fda on superior vena cava syndrome pathophysiology. Superior vena cava syndrome is a clear sign for clinicians of infiltrative mediastinal involvement, usually caused by neoplasms in this location, and it is an indicator of poor prognosis. Although we initially considered this case to be a drug eruption because the patient had repeated episodes of worsening clinical presentation whenever he took. The majority of cases are caused by malignant tumors within the mediastinum, most commonly lung cancer and. Superior vena cava syndrome ranjita pallavi,md internal medicine pgy2 2.
Superior vena cava syndrome svcs, is a group of symptoms caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava svc, a short, wide vessel carrying circulating blood into the heart. Directions to hospitals treating superior vena cava syndrome. Superior vena cava syndrome should be differentiated from other causes of dyspnea and jugular venous distention, such as, cardiac tamponade, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mediastinitis, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and syphilis. This is most commonly due to tumours that either compress the. The superior vena cava syndrome svcs comprises various symptoms due to occlusion of the svc, which can be easily obstructed by pathological conditions eg, lung cancer, due to the low internal venous pressure within rigid structures of the thorax trachea, right bronchus, aorta. Mar 27, 2020 superior vena cava syndrome svcs is obstruction of blood flow through the superior vena cava svc. Treatment of superior vena cava obstruction secondary to pacemaker wires with balloon venoplasty and insertion. Its etiology has changed over time, it used to be due to infectious causes syph. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs is an uncommon clinical condition 1 and the intensity of clinical manifestations depends on the degree of occlusion or stenosis of the vena cava and on development of collateral circulation, mainly through the azygos vein. History tells that in the 18th century, syphilis and tuberculosis were responsible for 40% of the known cases. This report an adolescent male who presented with svcs due to mixed germ cell tumor gct of the anterior mediastinum with predominant yolk cell component.
Veia cava inferior wikipedia, a enciclopedia livre. Superior vena cava syndrome in emergency medicine medication. In this setting, cervical venous pressure usually increases to 2040 mmhg. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs refers to the clinical syn. Superior vena cava syndrome pathophysiology wikidoc. Sindrome da veia cava superior wikipedia, a enciclopedia livre. Although the diagnosis is usually easy, elucidation of the etiology is difficult. Superior vena cava syndrome occurs when the superior vena cava becomes blocked. Superior vena cava syndrome caused by an idiopathic.
Etiologic considerations in superior vena cava syndrome. Superior vena cava syndrome and a mass in right atrium keywords. Stent placement in superior vena cava syndrome patrick courtheoux, md, barbara alkofer, md, madjed al refa. Superior vena cava syndrome pathophysiology in the news. However, other diseases of benign origin can also cause these alterations. Superior vena cava svc syndrome is typically dramatic. Superior vena cava syndrome possibilities of intervention therapy beran s. Superior vena cava syndrome is a set of signs and symptoms due to superior vena cava obstruction. Conventional and endovascular treatment for a rare combination of diseases.
Lung cancer is the most common cause of superior vena cava syndrome svcs and requires timely recognition and management. Nonhodgkins lymphoma nhl is the most common cause of svcs in children. Tratamento da sindrome da veia cava superior scielo. Malignant superior vena cava syndrome ann thorac cardiovasc surg vol. Superior vena cava syndrome in a person with bronchogenic carcinoma. The diagnosis of superior vena cava obstruction is often made at the bedside. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs occurs when there is a reduction or blockage of blood flow through the superior vena cava svc and may be associated with debilitating clinical manifestations. However, in last decades benign causes such as thrombosis related to venous access colocation have been described. A sindrome da veia cava superior svcs surge quando ha diminuicao ou obstrucao do fluxo venoso da cabeca, pescoco e extremidades superiores atraves da. The syndrome was originally described as being secondary to an infection, such as tuberculosis, or a syphilitic aortic aneurysm 24. Since its first description in 1757, the superior vena cava syndrome has been a challenge for the clinician. Inferior vena cava anterior frontal view of the opened heart. Endovascular today issn 15511944 print and issn 2689792x online is a publication dedicated to bringing you comprehensive coverage of all the latest technology, techniques, and developments in the endovascular field.
It is a medical emergency and most often manifests in patients with a malignant disease process within the thorax. Felizmente, a sindrome da veia cava superior e rara em criancas. Ask your doctor to recommend what other types of doctors, physicians, medical specialists, or other medical professionals should be part of the team for your medical. Malignant superior vena cava syndrome pubmed central pmc. Symptoms include facial edema, dyspnea, cough, neck distension, hoarseness and dysphagia, while severe cases may present with coma and severe respiratory distress. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Superior vena cava syndrome lung cancer is now the main cause of blood flow obstruction in the superior vena cava and of its clinical manifestations. Superior vena cava obstruction radiology reference. She was seen earlier in clinic with similar complaints and given a course of zithromax. The brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava and azygoshemiazygos system drain the upper extremities and the head and neck. Superior vena cava syndrome differential diagnosis wikidoc.
Case presentation 58 yo female presented with cough productive of yellow sputum, sore throat and fever with chills for 1 week. On superior vena cava thrombosis the blood flow diverts into this network of collateral channels. The authors have described a case of malignant superior vena cava svc syndrome secondary to lung metastases of urothelial carcinoma. Mediastinal fibrosis and superior vena cava syndrome. Imaging ie, radiography, computed tomography ct, magnetic resonance mr venography, and conventional venography plays an. Superior vena cava syndrome possibilities of intervention.
Superior vena cava syndrome, lung cancer, radiotherapy, palliation, palavraschave. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs is a medical condition which consists of the obstruction of blood flow through the superior vena cava. Mediastinal fibrosis mf is one of the most common nonmalignant causes of superior vena cava syndrome svcs, along with thrombi forming on intravascular devices central lines, pacemaker cables, etc. Tratamento cirurgico da sindrome da veia cava superior causado. An intrathoracic malignancy is responsible for 60 to 85 percent of cases of superior vena cava syndrome svc syndrome, and. A sindrome da veia cava superior svcs surge quando ha diminuicao ou obstrucao do fluxo venoso da cabeca, pescoco e extremidades superiores atraves da veia cava superior vcs, por trombose ou compressao extrinseca desta 1, 2. Treatment depends on the etiology of the obstructive process. Superior vena cava syndrome is a form of vessel obstruction that occurs as a result of mechanical compression or due to thrombosis. The syndrome is rarely an oncologic emergency in the absence of tracheal compression and airway compromise. Congenital or acquired abnormalities can affect the diameter of svc.
Treatment should also be individualized and should not be undertaken until a. Note the swelling of his face first thing in the morning left and its resolution after being upright all day right. Cava superior, compressao medular e hipertensao intracraniana. Superior vena cava svc obstruction can occur from extrinsic compression, intrinsic stenosis, or thrombosis. So enfermagem sindrome da veia cava superior a sindrome. Though usually innocent, this anomaly may complicate cardiothoracic surgery and certain procedures like central venous catheter insertion. Svc syndrome was first described by the scottish physician, william hunter, in 1757 in a patient who died of aortic aneurysm. Dilated azygos vein, dilated pericardial veins, dilated anterior thoracic vein and other smaller mediastinal veins that drains to left renal vein and inferior vena cava. The constellation of clinical features in svc syndrome occurs as a result of. Introduction superior vena cava svc syndrome results from any condition that leads to obstruction of blood flow through the svc. The majority of cases are caused by malignant tumors within the mediastinum, most commonly lung cancer and nonhodgkins lymphoma, directly compressing or invading the svc wall. However, the most common cause of svcs remains malignant disease, particularly lung cancer.
Lung cancer is now the main cause of blood flow obstruction in the superior vena cava and of its clinical manifestations. Superior vena cava syndrome superior vena cava obstruction. Risk calculators and risk factors for superior vena cava syndrome. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed a mass in right atrium, which. There is an exuberant collateral venous circulation on thorax characterized by.
Malignant obstruction can be caused by direct invasion of tumor into the svc, or by external compression of the svc by an adjacent pathologic process involving the right lung, lymph nodes, and other mediastinal structures, leading to stagnation of flow and. They are connected by a rich network of smaller venous plexuses that are normally not or only barely opacified on chest ct. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Sep 19, 2016 however, superior vena cava syndrome svcs rarely presents as an acute lifethreatening emergency. Doctors and medical specialists for superior vena cava. The resulting increased venous pressure in the upper body may cause edema of the head, neck, and upper. Malignancies are the main cause and are considered an oncologic emergency. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs is rare in children. A sindrome da veia cava superior svcs e caracterizada pela obstrucao do fluxo sanguineo da veia cava superior em direcao ao atrio direito. Superior vena cava svc syndrome occurs in approximately 15,000 people in the united states each year. This condition is where some internal obstruction of external compression of superior vena cava results.
Cdc on superior vena cava syndrome pathophysiology. Pdf tratamento endovascular da estenose da veia cava superior. Conventional and endovascular treatment for a rare. Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, azygos vein and their tributaries details source common iliac vein lumbar veins testicular vein renal vein suprarenal vein hepatic vein drains to right atrium artery abdominal aorta identifiers latin vena cava inferior acronyms ivc mesh d014682 ta. We report a case of superior vena cava syndrome svcs caused by squamous cell lung carcinoma in a 49yearold man. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs is mechanical obstruction of the superior vena cava svc due to venous thrombi or extrinsic compression by intrathoracic tumours in most cases. Superior vena cava obstruction radiology reference article.
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